Age Appropriate Orientation and Mobility and Motor Skills

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ARTICLES

Adelson, E., & Frailberg, S. (1974). Gross motor development in infants blind from birth. Child Development, 45, 114-126.
Anthony, T.L. (1993). Orientation and mobility skill development. In First steps: A handbook for teaching young children who are visually impaired. (pp. 115-138). Los Angeles: Blind Childrens Center.
Bigelow, A. (1986). The development of reaching in blind children. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 4, 355-366.
Bigelow, A. (1992). Locomotion and search behavior in blind infants. Infant Behavior and Development, 15, 179-189.
Griffin-Shirley, N., Trusty, S., & Rickard, R. (2000). Orientation and mobility. In A. J. Koenig & M. C. Holbrook (Eds.), Foundations of education: Instructional strategies for teaching children and youths with visual impairments (Vol. 2, pp. 529-568). New York: American Foundation for the Blind.
Jan, J. E., Robinson, G. C., Scott, E., & Kinnis, C. (1975). Hypotonia in the blind child. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 17, 35-40.
Nagaishi, P. (1993) Motor development. In First steps: A handbook for teaching young children who are visually impaired. (pp. 99-114). Los Angeles: Blind Childrens Center.
Nagaishi, P. (1993) Sensorimotor integration. In First steps: A handbook for teaching young children who are visually impaired. (pp. 83-98). Los Angeles: Blind Childrens Center.
Sonksen, P. M., Levitt, S., & Kitzinger, M. (1984). Identification of constraints acting on motor development in young visually disabled children and principles of remediation. Child: Care, Health and Development, 10, 273-286.
Troster, H. & Brambring, M. (1993). Early motor development in blind infants. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 14, 83-106.
Troster, H., Hecker, W., & Brambring, M. (1994). Longitudinal study of gross-motor development in blind infants and preschoolers. Early Child Development and Care, 104, 61-78.

BOOKS

Dodson-Burk, B., & Hill, E. W. (1989). An orientation and mobility primer for families and young children. New York: American Foundation for the Blind.

VIDEOS


Visually Impaired Preschool Services in Louisville, Kentucky has produced the following videos (from the Can Do! Series)
Going Places: Orientation and Mobility   $44.95
Two very important skills for the blind child to function independently are to know where he or she wants to go and how to get there. This video teaches parents about orientation and mobility skills and what they can do from the time their child is very young to encourage independent and safe movement.  Families and their children model a progression of skills from infancy through preschool age. (9 minutes)
Moving Through the World: Gross Motor Skills and Play   $49.95
 This video discusses key gross motor skills and demonstrates simple and fun play activities that  parents and teachers can use to encourage a progression of skills from infancy through preschool age.  (9 minutes)
VIPS
1229 Garvin Place
Louisville, KY 40203
Attn: Can Do Series
888-636-VIPS
http://www.vips.org



The following videos are available from American Printing House
Playing the Crucial Role in Your Child's Development   $19.00

This video presents easy-to-follow suggestions for using a young child's environment and everyday experiences to build skills in reaching, grasping, midline coordination, and walking. Appropriate for babies birth to two years old. (10 minutes)


American Printing House
P O Box 6085
Louisville, KY 40206-0085
502-895-2405
800-223-1839
http://www.aph.org

Blind Babies Foundation (BBF) has produced
Getting There   $27.50
This video describes development of skills critical to early orientation and mobility and shows examples of teaching strategies. Information about early mapping, crawling, walking, and mobility-enhancing devices is also provided. (25 minutes)
Blind Babies Foundation
5016 Mission St
San Francisco, CA 94112
(415) 586-6140
e-mail : info@blindbabies.org
http://www.blindbabies.org/


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